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SECTION 6. NATIONAL ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE FIELD OF INTEGRATED COASTAL MANAGEMENT A hard macroeconomic policy of the transition period has put forward urgent social and economic problems having put off the solution of environmental issues. Such a situation has resulted in the need for identifying the priorities and including into the plan only the most urgent feasible arrangements and measures of “non-risk” strategy in the economy sectors, allowing to get both environmental and social economic benefits. In Kazakhstan, this goal has been reached due to close interaction of political and analytical processes of establishing the priorities and using “transparent” criteria. The urgent measures identified in solving the priority environmental problems have been broken down into institutional, legal and economic, local and regional ones. At the same time taking into account the nature of problems and causes of their arising, allowed to group them and obtain lists of the measures required for solving them. Identification the territorial expansion of priority environmental problems and analysis of the sector belonging of their sources allowed to select 3 zones of priority activities. Zone A – Caspian, is represented by oblasts, specialized in sectors of oil production and refining. Priority problem here is oil pollution of natural environment. Zone B- eastern, is one of the highly developed industrial regions of the Republic of Kazakhstan with excessive concentration of large enterprises of non-ferrous and ferrous metallurgy, energy complex. Prevailing problems here are accumulating in environment from production wastes, air pollution in urbanized areas, forest degradation and lack of specially protected areas. Zone C – southern, is characterized mainly with agricultural orientation, requiring sustainable water supply. In southern regions there is a deficit of water resources, pollution of water bodies by wastewater, degradation of pastures and destruction of cultural and natural monuments. Zone “A” - progress. In the Caspian Sea region the number of projects and programs, having international, national and local character, is being implemented to solve development and environmental problems. In the present-day conditions the main role is given to the Caspian Environment Program (CEP), which has objectively incorporated the NEAP/SD projects. The main objective of the Program is ensuring the environmentally sustainable development and improving the management of the natural resources of the Caspian region, including biological resources and surface waters. “National Action Plan on Offshore and Land-based Oil Spills Prevention, Preparedness and Response of the Republic of Kazakhstan “ has been developed in Kazakhstan. “National Action Plan on Offshore and Land-based Oil Spills Prevention, Preparedness and Response of the Republic of Kazakhstan “ (further – National plan) was developed according to the Enactment of the Government of June 29, 1999, #876 and covers the Kazakhstan Caspian and Aral regions and inland reservoirs within the Republic of Kazakhstan. National plan defines the order of interaction and integration of parties’ actions, implementing with involvement of organs of government and ensuring preparedness, emergency response to oil spills, caused by emergency actions etc. National plan covers also oil spills which have arisen as a result of the present or last industrial activities in cases, when the originator of a spill either is not identified, or can not remove it and liquidate consequences by itself. To the Parties directly involved in National plan, is referred: 1) Companies carrying out offshore oil activities and in immediate proximity from reservoirs engaged in petroleum processing and transportation; 2) Government of Republic of Kazakhstan on behalf of the specially authorized bodies:
National plan’s objective is to reduce impact of the oil spills on the environment, human health and living conditions, in particular on flora and fauna, with the special attention to protection of fish stocks, areas with sensitive natural environment, coastal areas, places of water scoop for water-desalinating plants according to attached maps of ecological sensitivity. Tasks of National plan are:
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