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SECTION 4. SOCIAL-ECONOMICAL DEVELOPMENT OF THE COASTAL ZONE The administrative rayons of the in-Caspian subject of Russian Federation and coastal parts of the area of water of the Caspian Sea (picture 4.1, 4.2) compose the coastal zone of the Caspian region of Russian Federation. In republic of Dagestan those are Tarumovsky, Kizlyar, babayurtovskiy, Kumtorkalinskiy, karabudakhkenskiy, kayakenskiy, Derbentsky rayons, Cities of makhachkala, Caspiysk, Izberbash, dagestanskiye ogni, Derbent (square is 14,4 thousand sq.m., 28,2% of the territory of the republic, the lenth of the coastal line is 630 km). In the republic of Kalmikiya there is Lagan rayon, including city of lagan (4,8 thousand sq.m., 6,3% of the territory of the republic, the length of the coastal line is 170 km.). In Astrakahn oblast there Vologarskiy, kazimyakskiy, Ikryaninskiy, Kimanskiy rayons (11,8 thousand sq.m., 25% of the territory of oblast, 660 km of the coastal line). The many-side economy has composed in the Caspian coastal zone of the Russian Federation n the basis of the use of economical and natural preconditions, biological resources of the sea, hydrocarbon raw material and land and water resources. Within the limits of each of marine subjects of Russian Federation the economy has its own peculiarities, promoted by the character and effectiveness of the used resources, historical conditions of development and traditions of farming of the population. On the maps of pictures 4.3-4.6 one can see the row of demographic and economic characteristics of the coastal zone and its ecological condition. The economy of the coastal zone of Dagestan Republic in the most developed one as per its scale and diversity. The Astrakhan oblast comes next in the row, the les developed is the economy of coastal zone of Republic of Kalmikiya, based on agriculture. In the conditions of the huge scale of the economical crisis that captured the whole country the volumes of the production is the Caspian coastal zone decreased for more than two times and some less in agriculture. With all the differences on the economies of the coastal zones there are some common factors and problems, promoting the opportunities of the union of efforts to achieve the effective and balanced development within the borders of the whole Caspian region. The territorial unity within the limits of the areas of water of the sea, the availability of common resources of it, the unity of the ecosystems of the sea and coastal territories, relatively equal level of social-economical development, the leading role of the agriculture and border position belong to those common factors and problems.
Picture 4.1. Coastal zone of the Caspian region of Russian Federation. Observing map
Picture. 4.2. Coastal administrative rayons. Map scheme
Marked with figures: rayons of Astrakhan oblast: 1. Volodarskiy, 2. kazimyakskiy, 3. Ikryaninskiy, 4. Limanskiy, 5. laganskiy rayons of Republic of Kalmikiya; rayons of Republic of Dagestan: 6. Tarumovskiy, 7. Kizlyarskiy, 8. Babayurtovskiy, 9. Kumtorkalinskiy, 10. Karabudakhkenstskiy, 11. kayakentskiy, 12. Derbentskiy, 13. Magaramkentskiy. Picture 4.3. The population of the coastal area
Marked by figure: The density of population, man/km² (along the administrative rayons): 1. less 2; 2. 10 - 20; 3. 20 - 30; 4. 30 - 50; 5. 50 – 90; 6. above 90. The population number of cities and settlements of urban types , thousand people : 7. 2 – 3 thousand.; 8. 3 – 5; 9. 5 – 10; 10. 10 – 20; 11. 20 – 50; 12. 50 – 100; 13. about 380 thousand. Picture 4.4. Economic development of the coastal zone
Marks: Processing industry: 1. Machine building, 2. Chemical, 3. Constructing materials, 4. Light, 5. Food, 6. Fish. Transport: 7. Marine ports, 8. Fish-catching ports, 9. Oil pipelines, 10. Gas pipelines. Extractive Industry: 11. of oil, 12. of natural gas. Agricultural rayons: 13. Vegetable growing, garden growing, rice growing, meat and milk cattle breeding; 14. Sheep breeding with some crop and corn growing; 15. Fruit growing, wine-growing and vegetable growing, with the crop and corn growing, meat cattle and sheep breeding; 16. Cattle breeding on mountainous pastures (meat and milk cattle and sheep growing) along with farming in river valleys. Regions of spreading: 17. of gardens, 18. melons and gourds, 19. wineyards. Picture 4.5. Traditional agricultural use of coastal lands (V.L.Baburin and others “main positions of technical-economical report” (TED “Caspiy”), Moscow, 1992)
Marked with figures: 1 - meat-milk cattle breeding, sheep-breeding on the basis of natural food areas and food from tillage. Crop-, rice-, vegetable-growing, melon & gounds on the irrigation & dry lands 2 –Melon & gourds, fodder crops. Meat-milk cattle breeding, sheep-breeding, using natural food pastures, added by the food from tillage. 3 - Intensive plant-growing on irrigated tillage. Meat-milk cattle breeding, using the flooded and natural food areas. 4 –Wine-growing and fruit growing. 5 –Rice growing/meat-milk cattle breeding on natural food areas. 6 –Pasture sheep breeding, meat cattle breeding, crop growing. The preserves of food for winter are provided mainly by dry farming and sloping of natural grass, partly on the squares of estuary irrigation. 7 - Pasture sheep breeding, in some places meat cattle breeding. Preserves for winter are provided by sloping of natural grass. The farming serves for the cattle breeding by provision by additional food. 8 - Meat-milk cattle breeding, crop rowing on irrigated and dry tillage, fruit frowing in some places. 9 –Meat-milk cattle breeding, sheep breeding on the basis of combination of food areas of different height zones. Subsidiary farming, supporting cattle breeding. 10 - pasture sheep breeding on basis of the combination of different height zone of mountains ridges and plains. The transfer of sheep to water pastures and plains. 11 - Fruit growing, wine-, vegetable- growing. Meat-milk cattle breeding and sheep breeding, using the natural food areas of different height mountain ridges, supported by field food from the irrigated tillage. 12 - Seasonal pastures.
Picture 4.6. The condition of the environment of the coastal zone
Markings: 1 - reserves. The natural habitats of ecological situations; 2-favorable; 3-average sharp; 4- sharp; 5-very sharp; 6-strong exhaustion of waters; 7- polluted sectors of the Caspian Sea; 8-cities with the strong pollution of air; main ecological problems; 9- the exhaustion and pollution of upper waters, secondary salinity of soils; 10-exhaustion and pollution of upper waters of land, decrease of natural fruitfulness of soils; 11-defiliation of soils; degradation of natural food areas; 12-deflationa of soils; degradation of natural food areas, the decrease of natural fruitfulness of soils, secondary salinity of soils.
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4.1. 
