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SECTION 5. Administration set-up 5.1. Administrative bodies Administrative structure of inshore zones of Russian Federation’s Caspian-side bodies includes governmental ones of Dagestan Republic, Republic of Kalmikiya and Astrakhan region, territorial organs of federal executives, organs of local government for administrative zones and inhabited localities. Following institutions realize administration in the field of maintenance and protection of natural resources and environment: federal executive – Ministry of Natural Resources of Russian Federation (MNR), its subdivision (Department of Natural Resources on South region) in South federal district, which consists of three Caspian-side territories of Russian Federation, its territorial organs in Dagestan Republic, Republic of Kalmikiya and Astrakhan region, also appropriate organs of this federal bodies. In local government organs these subjects are functions of consideration of appropriate subdivisions. On session dated 29 December 2000 question about “Steps for improvement of nature-protected activity of Russian Federation” was envisaged. According to MNR question about rational allotment of functions and authorities between federal, regional and municipal state organs in field of nature-protected activity shall be determined before all. Today Russia has 90% of its financial resources focused on municipal level, but majority of authorities is in federal center. MNR of RF considers reasonable implementation of market mechanisms, since existing system is rather fiscal, and enterprises may pollute environment even after fines had been paid. It is necessary to use broader potential of environmental movements, engraft insurance and audit, and it is also requisite to change set notion about Russia as environmentally unsafe state. On Russian Federation’s governmental session it was accepted as necessity to fulfil complex of steps to realize administration of nature protection activity in Russian Federation aimed to: - Increase role and responsibility of regional executives of RF and local government organs in resolving question on providing the environmental safety and protection at appropriate territories on the basis of determination, distinction and partial authorities conveyance from federal executives and their territorial bodies of administration and control in the field of environment protection to administrative regional ones of RF and municipal institutions; - Structure development of administrative environment protecting bodies providing together with reformation of regional bodies of federal environment protecting executives simultaneous nature-protecting system creation of territorial bodies of RF and municipal institutions, necessary for administrative and controlling functions performance regarding questions of RF territorial and municipal institutions competence; - Development of payment system for pollution and waste allocation, and other destructive impacts on environment, also economic stimulation development for environment protection activity of proprietors and other institutions; - Constructive co-operation set between the executives, public environment institutions, coalitions of owners, trade unions and other public organizations regarding environment protection and its co-ordination with another goals of social and economic development; - System development of highly protected federal and local territories, financial support of preserves and national parks; - Strict adherence to RF interests while realizing principles of international collaboration and execution of international agreements in the region of environment protection; - MNR of RF, Ministry of Economic Development, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Justice in association with other interested ministries, departments, executive institutions of RF have been assigned considering all notices and proposals to complete project of high-priority activities for administration and control in the field of environmental development by 2001 year, intended to: - scrutinize purport and name of federal legislative projects provided for working-out and submission to RF Government in 2001; - supplement of project of activities with proposals about making into the earlier accepted by RF Government legal acts on state administration and control of environment protection necessary correctives and amendments connected with structure reformation of federal and territorial bodies in this field; On RF governmental session it was recommended to RF executives bodies to get scrutinized in the first quarter of 2001 in association with MNR questions concerning formation of nature-protecting institutions in regions and territories of RF and ensure their execution of administration and control in the field of environment protection, which refer to authorities of RF bodies and municipal institutions, together with question about necessary correctives and amendments introduction into legal acts of RF bodies (section of functions and power of bodies and their officers). MNR of RF was delegated to provide coordination of appropriate question consideration with development of proposals for amendments introduction into federal law acts into section of federal executives’ power in the region of environment protection. Ministry of Economic Development, MNR, other federal executive bodies during proposals preparation to project of “Strategy of state development for the period till 2010” and project of middle-term economic program of RF development for 2002 – 2004 shall envisage in these documents special sections for questions regarding environmental security guarantee and investments attraction for construction and reconstruction of nature-protecting objects. In accordance with the above mentioned, there was the following march of events in Republic of Kalmikiya. In May 2000, after State Ecology Committee liquidation and its functions conveyance to MNR, appropriate regional institution –Environment Protection Ministry of Republic of Kalmikiya - of SEC of RF in republic was also liquidated with its functions conveyance to new territorial institution of MNR named Natural Resources Committee of Republic of Kalmikiya. Then, in accordance with Russian Government recommendations new Ministry of Ecology of Republic of Kalmikiya has been founded with function of nature-protecting body of federal executive institution (Republic of Kalmikiya). Currently processes of functional determination of administration and control in the region of environment protection which is referred to authorities of RF territorial and municipal institutions, foundation of nature-protecting municipal institutions system, necessary changes and annexes preparation into the earlier accepted normative acts of RF Government concerning questions of state administration and control in the region of environment protection, connected with structure reformation of nature-protecting state institutions are still pending. Administrative system on level of federal body as shown on Kalmyk example, looks as follows. President of Republic of Kalmikiya is the head of republic and its executive power. Accordingly, Government of Republic is the executive-managing body at President of Kalmikiya. Kalmyk Government in accordance with the Steppe Code (Constitution) of Republic of Kalmikiya and republic laws about President, Government of RK fulfils executive functions of republic state power under direct command of President of RK. The executive of Lagan district of republic is assigned by President of RK official representative of President of RK in region. Difficult social and economic state in republic, incoordinate efforts of ministries, departments and institutions, paucity of organizational structures, weak technical equipment of majority of organizational structures and nature-protecting institutions, mal-staffed stationary stations and watch posts, inappropriateness of logistics in Lagan district to modern informational technologies level, absence of complex monitoring at Kalmyk Caspian seashore – reasons, seriously decreasing effectiveness of acceptance and realization of optimal administrative solutions. Problems of discrepancy and imperfection in Law and normative basis of nature-use administration, low level of ecological education between majority of population, lack of information while arrival at decision still remain serious. Local (municipal) government institutions of inshore federal zones act in accordance with Federal Law “About common organizational principles of local government in RF”. Local government has also right for holding, use and disposal of municipal property, local taxes and duties determination, complex social and economic development of territory; organization, maintenance and development of municipal institutions of health and education, city planning and construction, land use control, local water objects use control, exploitation of widely-known minerals; organization, maintenance and development of public utilities (energy, gas, heat, water and sewerage), participation in environment protection and other questions. The most important tool for regulation of local government territorial development is control on maintenance of all indicated lands – city and rural locations and adjoining public lands, recreational zones, territories necessary for locations development, other municipal places without reference to property forms and aim of use. We shall point limited possibilities of local government in control on maintenance of natural resources – minerals and row materials, water (for example, all rivers discharged to sea are referred to federal property), wood, biological which are state property. Decisions on their maintenance are accepted on federal level and on level of RF bodies. These circumstances lessen indeed economic base of local government activity. Administrative institutions have their own regulations and fulfil their activity in accordance with RF Constitution and federal legislation, constitutions, regulations of Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Kalmikiya and Astrakhan region, and their legislation. Local government’s activity is build on democratic basis and supposed to involve general public into the process of administration of resources and environment. These institutions have to further to realize principles of independent and responsible activity of people, and also to help resolving local problems issuing from population’s interests, its historic and other traditions. Last few years it is attempted to unite efforts of state, public and business structures in the field of keeping and amplification of human heritage. It is understood here that only co-operative administration by national resources with participation of all above itemized sectors of democratic society it may overcome the problems of historic traditions’ oblivion, careful attitude towards surrounding world, good adaptation and harmonious coexistence with it, healthy way of living, religious consciousness. As a positive example in business sector it may be mentioned environmentally oriented activity of open joint-stock company “Kalmneft” managed by its president V.S.Boldirev. Talking about public organizations, let’s mention such registered and operating social and environmental ones as “Silk Road”, Kalmyk Trustee Committee, Fund of Stable Development of Kalmikiya. Kalmyk Dharma-centre conducts work on revival of cultural traditions of steppe inhabitants, reconstruct and build up new cultural structure. But, altogether, role of public institutions in a real administrative process and realization of complex approach to maintenance of natural resources still remains low.
5.2. Legislation Caspian zone has federal law act, RF President and Government decrees, regulating activity in the region of environment protection, maintenance and security of particular exemplars of natural resources – land, water, wood, mineral and raw materials, biological. The same normative acts determine administration system of natural resources and environment protection, also regulate economic relations arising. There are standards and environment quality indexes accepted, defining admissible influence to it. Ranges of federal laws regulate natural maintenance on RF territory. The following articles of RF Constitution are thematic: #9 (forms of ownership of land and other natural resources of RF); #36 (which claims that ownership, maintenance and management of land and other natural resources, freely making by its owners shall not aggrieve environment and trespass the rights and interests of others); #42 (about the right of everybody for healthy environment, true information on its state and compensation for health and property damaged by ecological wrongdoing); #58 (according to which everybody shall preserve nature and environment, carefully treat natural resources); #71 (conditions and methods of land maintenance are determined by federal law); #72 (which refers questions of ownership, maintenance and management of land, bowels, water and other natural resources to cooperative supervision by RF and its bodies). Federal laws include: RF Law “About environment protection” (1993): contains articles defining competence of power on its various levels in the field of environment protection; provisions, called on to create legal base of environment protection by owners, reduce and liquidate the aftermath of extreme ecological situations, preservation of the mostly valuable natural territories and objects. This legislative act, however, does not cover legal mechanisms for realization of constitutional idea of “mutual supervision” in the region of nature maintenance, which is highly important in the inshore zones, where interests of federal, local and territorial bodies are merged; “Continental Shelf of RF” Law (1995): determines status of sea bottom outside territorial sea till the external border of RF jurisdiction, also mineral resources of these undersea zones. This Law provides order of continental shelf delimitation, legal regime of its natural resources, federal bodies’ competence towards activity on the shelf. Law does not include range of regulations regarding interests accordance between variety of shelf’s natural resources users above stagnant waters, does not provide mechanisms of work coordination between departments to execute Russian jurisdiction of federal legislation in this extensive region. The Law about “Internal sea waters, territorial sea and adjoining zone of RF” (1998): settles the status and legal regime of inshore sea space, which is in the air of RF sovereignty (internal sea waters and territorial sea), also legal status of 24 miles of sea zone, adjoining to territorial sea or RF, which it controls to avoid outrages of customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary rules of RF and punishment for such outrages, committed on territory of RF. However, Law does not include norms neither about inshore administration, nor about inshore zones; The Law “About exceptional economic zone of RF” (1998): defines the status of sea zone located between external border of territorial sea of RF and 200 miles bound. Law provides regime of prospect and exploitation of natural resources in exceptional economic zone, including payment principle for their maintenance, rules about marine zone protection. In constitutional norms development regulation of practically each kind of activity in exceptional economic zone is referred to state federal bodies’ competence. However, Law covers neither federal departments nor officials as responsible party for Law trespass or activity coordination in exceptional economic zone. Mechanisms of such coordination as: legal adequacy of activity in exceptional economic zone and territorial sea, internal waters and shore overland territories of RF are not provided; Federal Law “About common organizational principles of local government in RF” (edition of 1997): determines authorities of RF state bodies, also territorial bodies in region of local government, competence of local government, their order of formation, financial and economic basis and some other questions. Law provides the possibility of associations and unions creation, municipal formations (art. 10), that seems as mostly important in context of inshore administration, however, it has only one appropriate article on this subject; Federal Law “About ecological expertise” (edition 1998): called on to provide complex estimation of influence to environment by economic and other activity and its aftermath. The Law considers questions within the competence of State ecological expertise on federal and territorial level, set order for ecological expertise accomplishment. However, Law does not practically provide the way of interests coordination between Federation, its bodies and local governments during expert estimation of plans, programmes, economic projects. Objects of state ecological expertise on federal level include materials on foundation of organizations for mining industry and reprocessing, providing maintenance of natural resources being under supervision of RF; documents, grounding agreement about products division and concession agreements, also other questions, performing great interest for the range of inshore zones (art.11). However, Law does not provide obligatory participation of experts and state representatives of appropriate federal bodies in such questions consideration. Thus, local specially authorized officials of state bodies in the field of ecological expertise are entitled to participate in conduction of ecological expertise of the objects, intended for realization only on territory of appropriate RF bodies (art. 12); Law “About mineral resources” (edition 1999): regulates relations, arising in connection with geological researches, maintenance and protection of mineral resources on RF territory, its continental shelf. Law regulates particularly order of mineral resources maintenance, questions of licensing, payment for maintenance, however despite that the specifics of the minerals exploitation on continental shelf mentions, there is not any notification of norms reflecting the exploitation specifics of this kind of mineral resources. Questions about environment preservation exceptionally important at the minerals’ exploitation in inshore zone are not mentioned in Law, but there is just a reference to other legislative acts: (“Relations connected with maintenance and protection of land, water, flora and fauna, atmosphere arising when used by mineral resources are regulated by appropriate legislation of RF and its federal bodies”, art.1); Federal Law “About agreement on production division” (edition 1999): determines categories of fields, which may have a user right on terms of production division, and regulates the order of granting such allotments for maintenance and exploitation. Grounds for reference of allotments to these categories are: losses determined by objective factors; absence of financial and technical support for exploitation of massive fields of mineral resources; necessity of special highly expensive technologies attraction or additional financial or technical resources; necessity in provision of regions with own fuel and energetic resources and new work positions opening; RF obligations connected with negotiations about terms of agreement, and competitions or auctions results on the fields allotment. Besides that, several mineral fields can be lend on terms of production division, for example, oil extracts which make up to 1 million tones, and gas extracts – up to 250 billions m3. Law is about fields located on federal bodies of RF (art.2). Questions about mentioned field lending are considered together with RF institutions and federal body. Regarding fields situated on continental shelf and/or within exceptional economic zone of RF, the RF Government singes agreements about those fields lending “upon the accommodation with territorial executives of RF which land will be exploited as per agreement in section referred to subjects supervised by this body” (clause 2 of art.6). Law “About natural medicative resources, medicative and recuperative parts and resorts” (1995): determines state policy principles and particularities of natural medicative resources maintenance; refers natural medicative resources to specially protected natural objects, considers medicative and recuperative parts and resorts as territories of special maintenance and protection. Law regulates relations within study, maintenance, development and protection of natural medicative resources, medicative and recuperative parts and resorts on territory of Russian Federation. Order and functional particularities of particular medicative and recuperative part (or resort) is determined by provision approved by appropriate executive body (clause 3 of art.3). Law contains provisions about sanitary protection foundation for natural recuperative resources, medicative and recuperative parts and resorts. Law “About the specially protected territories” (1995): regulates relations in the region of organization, protection and maintenance of specially protected territories aimed to preserve unique natural complexes, objects of flora and fauna, their genetic fund. Specially protected territories include water surface and air-space above it where there are natural complexes and objects of high priority meaning in nature-protection, science, culture, esthetics, recreation and recuperation. These territories are partially or completely eliminated from maintenance upon the state power bodies decision, or are protected by the special regime. Relations appearing while maintenance of land, water, wood and other resources are regulated with “appropriate legislation of Russia and its bodies” (clause 2 of art.1). To protect natural factors of the highly preserved territories Law authorizes RF Government and its state power bodies to determine in accordance with federal law “About natural medicative resources, medicative and recuperative parts and resorts” particularities of regime and their operation. Law covers organizational questions on nature complexes and territorial objects’ protection in state forests and other specially safeguarded regional and local natural territories; Law “About fauna” (1995): regulates relations in the region of fauna protection and maintenance, its preservation and rehabilitation aimed to provide biological diversity, creation of the new conditions for fauna’s stable existence, maintenance of genetic fund of wild animals and other kinds of fauna protection. Questions of owning, use, maintenance supervision of RF and its territorial bodies. Fauna maintenance realizes in connection with preservation and reproduction complex, environment preservation. Law covers concrete steps (on federal, territorial and local level) aimed to protect fauna and its environment, which should not harm the other fauna objects and natural environment; Law “About atmosphere protection” (1999): fixes legal base for atmosphere protection and aimed to realize constitutional rights of people for favorable environment and true information about its state. Law determines state and local government bodies’ authorities in the region of atmosphere protection on appropriate territories; fixes principles of state administration; provides organizational and legal arrangements on atmosphere protection and cases when its state changes and harmful for life and health; Wood Codex of RF (1997): fixes the bases for rational maintenance, protection, preservation and reproduction of woods; determines competence of Federation, its bodies in this area; points woods categories referred to various groups. However, question of gourds and categories determination which can be maintained by Federation and its bodies remains unclear, which is negative for forestry administration and within the inshore zones, where woods have special shore and climate making assignment; Federal Law “About sanitary and epidemiology welfare of population” (1999): marks state bodies authorities in the region of sanitary and epidemiology welfare provision, contains articles about sanitary demands to city and rural house-planning and construction, goods for private and everyday needs and technologies for their production, food stuff and supplements, catering, grounds, atmosphere, picking, maintenance, transportation, storage, inearthing etc. Law generally regulates sanitary and epidemiology arrangements, determines organization and competence of state sanitary and epidemiology agencies of RF. In inshore administration context article “About sanitary and epidemiology demands to water objects” attracts an attention. According to the article in case of health danger from water objects, territorial executives, local government bodies and legal entities are responsible for steps of limitation, suspense or ban of their maintenance. This approach does not support interests of inshore sea region, since polluted marine zone is in federative competence; RF water codex (1995): regulates relations in the region of maintenance and protection of water objects with aim to support the optimal conditions of water-use, answering the sanitary and ecological demands. Codex defines and characterizes range of water objects. According to it, the foreland is territory adjoining to domestic waters and territorial sea of RF, which borders and regime are determined by RF Government (art.16). There are not particularities of inshore administrational tips. Ownership, maintenance and disposal of water objects being state property refers to co-supervision of RF and its bodies. Insular water objects may belong to municipal property, some of them may be the property of citizens and legal entities. Local government bodies may partially convey their authorities in the region of water objects maintenance and protection and materials and funds for their realization in accordance with RF legislation. Particular part of Water Codex includes special articles on target maintenance of water objects. So, functional Russian laws unlike the foreign states laws with their developed legal system providing special norms for administration in “connecting” land-water zones (3-12 or 200 mile marine zone and its washed seashore of state overland territory) do not contain yet any special rules defining legally optimal regime for “land-water” zone on the expanse of Russian seashore and adjoining water area and providing legislative basis for team-interests of various nature-users (oil producers, fishermen, sea recreational business developers etc.). Functional legislation are not supported by legal act determining the inshore zone (land and sea zone, interlinked by ecological, economic, social factors) as undivided from economic and ecological point of view. In the meantime, successful digestion of KUPZ methodology mostly depends on appropriate normative and legal basis development. Presently there is ground and project development of appropriate federal law in the frame of federal sea research programs. Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Kalmikiya and Astrakhan region within their competence and proceeding from joint work principle on environment protection and mineral resources maintenance pass appropriate normative and legal acts. In Kalmikiya they are in form of President’s decrees, for example “About bringing in state of emergency on territory of Lagan district of Republic of Kalmikiya” (1995), “About islands in Caspian Sea” (1999), Governmental Resolutions of Republic of Kalmikiya, as “About defense from submergence of Kalmyk seashore of Caspian Sea” (1995), “About development in Caspian Sea resources maintenance” (1999), other normative and legal acts. Local government bodies at the level of administrative regions and localities of Caspian inshore zone pass normative acts regulating environment protection, local resources maintenance on basis of federal and regional legislation. Indefinite status of Caspian Sea still remains as unsolved problem, which restrains steps on its exploitation. Russia emphasizes problems of Caspian territories and resources administration in cooperation with other inshore states. From one side, RF is the direct assignee of state, which in 1921 signed agreement with Iran determining rights of these two nations for Caspian Sea. Besides that, Russian-Iranian relations regarding Caspian Sea zone are regulated with that its international and legal status is determined by two-sided Russian-Persian agreements not only of 1921, but also of XVII-XIX centuries. Interests of these countries are protected by principle of uni possident uta possideatis (hold what you have). From the other side, abolition of Agreement dated 1922 about USSR foundation in 1991 furthered birth of new states. These countries may possibly be assignees of the Soviet-Iranian agreement dated 1940. But it determines only freedom for trade shipping. So, big international, legal and political problem arises – preparation and conclusion of many-sided agreement about sizes of sovereign rights of Caspian side countries above spaces of this basin. It can be successfully decided only in cooperation of inshore states.
5.3. Environment maintenance and protection planning. Base of environment maintenance and protection planning in inshore Caspian zone includes: - mutually connected prognosis system of state social and economic development for Russian Federation, Republic of Dagestan, Republic of Kalmikiya and Astrakhan region, and for several branches of economy and business, including environment protection and resources maintenance. Local government bodies prepare social and economic development prognosis of their territories used during prognosis preparation. Each prognosis of social and economic development contains special section on environment protection, including mineral resources maintenance;
As grounding and separate planning documents it is being developed complex plan of rational maintenance and protection of resources and environment for separate regions, with watersheds included. Order of development and acceptance of scrutinized projects is determined by federal and regional legal acts. Regarding territorial questions, local government bodies may develop another types of projects along with above-mentioned ones.
5.4. procedure of estimation of impact on Environment Procedure of estimation of impact on environment (EIE) in RF includes carriage by activity initiator self-estimation of its activity effect to environment and ecological expertise carriage (state and public), grounding planned activity and developed considering estimation results on environment effect. Federal law “About ecology expertise”, separate Law Provisions of RF “About environment protection”, Provisions about intended managerial and other activities effect on environment in RF (2000) and other normative and legal acts of RF adopted in accordance with them – documents regulating realization of procedure of estimation of impact on environment. Aim of EIE is to locate, prevent and/or smooth environmentally negative effects of planned activity and connected with them social, economic and other aftermath already on stage of development of grounding documents. Ecological expertise is intended to set planned activity correspondent to ecological demands and determine its admissible norms on the base of comprehensive consideration of unfavorable ecological and connected with it social, economic and other aftermath. Legislation provides 2 types of ecological expertise: state and public. State ecological expertise is carried out as one obligatory procedure on federal level or level of RF bodies depending on importance of intended activity. Public ecological expertise is carried out by public organization per its initiative. National EIE procedure includes the following steps: - directing preliminary information about planned activity to appropriate executives and population informing; - development and admission of technical task implementation for estimation of activity effect onto environment; - organization and carriage of work on estimation of impact on environment and appropriate materials preparation; - grounding materials development for planned activity considering results of estimation of impact on environment and its coherence with interested ministries and departments; - grounding documents submission and agreement for state and public ecological expertise (in case of its carriage). The last step has following actions: - exploiter submits all grounding materials with coherent papers to specially authorized body in environment protection field (hereinafter – special authorized body) for state ecological expertise; - specialized export division of special authorized body determines cost and terms of state ecological expertise carriage and organizes expert commission from independent experts; - expert commission scrutinizes submitted documentation with consideration of public expertise results (if carried) and prepares expert conclusion, which sets correspondence of planned activity to ecological demands, determines permissibility of its realization with consideration of possible unfavorable impacts on environment and social, economic and other aftermath connected with it; - expert conclusion is ratified by special authorized bodies, whereupon it is effective as a state ecological expertise Conclusion; - Conclusion is conveyed to Customer (activity initiator) and to appropriate territorial body of special authorized one to fulfil control for planned activity realization on appropriate territory. Basic principles of national EIE procedure include: - presumption of potential ecological danger from any planned activity; - obligation of state ecological expertise carriage till decision for activity realization is adopted; - prevention of possible unfavorable impacts on environment and connected with them social, economic and other aftermath in case of planned activity realization; - obligatory consideration of alternative options of set goals achievement in planned activity; - provision of general public participation in preparation and discussion of materials on estimation of impact on environment by planned activity, being object of ecology expertise as undivided part of common process of impact estimation; - scientific ground, when impact estimation materials have to be scientifically grounded, true and reflect results of researches; - authenticity and fullness of information, submitted for ecological expertise; - feedback, when impact estimation results are basis for monitoring, post-project analyze and ecological control on planned activity realization; - consideration of possible boundary impact. All steps of EIE implementation till step of ground documents preparation and submission to state ecological expertise is responsibility of Customer (activity initiator). This party shall provide necessary fullness and quality of process of estimation of impact on environment. Customer is entitled to choose performer for estimation of impact on environment amongst licensed organizations. Special authorized body in region of environment protection and other interested ministries and departments (or their territorial bodies, if object needs state ecological expertise on level of RF body) consider project. Regional executives and local government bodies participate in coordination of object allotment, and assist Customer in cooperation with general public, register public organizations, claimed about public ecological expertise carriage. Special authorized body in the region of environment protection possesses an exceptional right for state ecological expertise carriage (MNR). State ecological expertise is carried out directly by expert commission, formed from independent experts possessing necessary scientific and practical skills on question. Their participation is aimed to provide objectivity and validity of conclusion of state ecological expertise. Several citizens and public organizations have a right to participate in Russian national EIE procedure, provided by public speaking, public ecological expertise and possible participation of general public representatives in state ecological expertise as observers. Public ecological expertise is organized and carried out by public organizations entitled for its carriage (which shall be noticed in Regulations). Results of public ecological expertise are considered in process of state ecological expertise. Objects of EIE procedure are all kinds of planned activity and other ones, which in case of realization may harmfully impact on environment. List of objects and activities which are for estimation of impact on environment is determined by Federal Law “About ecological expertise” and range of other legislative acts.
5.5. Main sources: Aybulatov N.A., Vartanov R.V., Mikhaylichenko U.G. 1996, Problems of complex administration by inshore zones of Russia. Izvestiya Russian Academy of Sciences, Geograf series, #6, p. 94-104. Gabunshina E.B., Mikhaylichenko U.G. 2001, Materials grounding selection of Lagan district of Republic of Kalmikiya (Russia) for pilot project implementation on complex planning of transport administration by inshore zone in the frame of Caspian ecological programme CEP. Granberg A.G., Grigoriev E.G., Tsikanov M.M., Shopkhoev E.S., 1999. Work concept of federal objective programme “Complex development of RF territory, adjoining to Caspian Sea”, M., “Vesnik Kaspiya”, #3 (16). Project materials of federal objective programme “Complex development of RF territory, adjoining to Caspian Sea”, 1999, M.: SOPS. Work on scientific and legal ground of RF law project about administration by inshore zones. Report about NIR. 2000 Oceanographic society; Work supervisors: Aybulatov N.A., Vilegjanin A.N., Mikhaylichenko U.G.; g.r. #01980008148; inv. #02200001341. – M., VNTITs, 206 pages + supplement 6 p. + 6 leaves. Mikhaylichenko U.G. Development of ICZM in countries of transitional economy (RF case). Proc. 3-d Int. Conf. on Mediterranean Coastal Environment (MEDCOAST 97), Qawra, Malta, 1997, ed. E. Ozhan, v. 1, pp. 583-587. |
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